Why is foliage taking a huge toll on build times despite not casting any shadows?

I’ve started development on a 1km x 1km map a while ago and everything was fine up until this point. The map is covered with grass and the map now flat out refused to build, getting stuck at "Collecting the scene…".

Steps to reproduce issue:

  • Create a new level, add a flat landscape.
  • Build lighting; shouldn’t take long at all.
  • Add some foliage that has ‘Cast shadow’ set to FALSE.
  • Build lighting again; suddenly takes much longer.

What am I missing here? I don’t understand why foliage is impacting build times so much even though adding it to the scene without shadows doesn’t even trigger Unreal’s “Lighting needs to be rebuilt” message.