Get AI character location C++

This would be one way to achieve what you want:

 void AAnyClass::Tick()
 {
     TArray<AYourAICharacterClass> AICharacters;
     UGameplayStatics::GetAllActorsOfClass(this, AYourAICharacterClass::StaticClass(), AICharacters);
     TMap<AYourAICHaracterClass> AICharacterToLocations;
     for (AYourAICharacterClass AICharacter : AICharacters)
     {
         AICharacterToLocations.Add(AICharacter, AICharacter->GetActorTransform());
     }
 }

but it would be the most 'hacky' way, as the use of GetAllActorsOfClass() is even mentioned in its comment that is very expensive and mustn't be used every frame (what my example does), but if you trigger this method at a specific point in your game (e.g. when every ai character was spawned) then you can cache the resulting array from it and iterate through the cached array.

If it is not deterministic for you to say when "every" AICharacter is spawned then I would recommend to add the AICharacters to a cached array, at the moment when they're spawned and removed when they're destroyed (but the information still would need to be persisted). But if you're a beginner then this might be a much more complex approach and not even needed. I hope my answers helped.